The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) is a new criminal law code in India that has replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita was introduced on August 11, 2023, to reform and modernise India’s criminal law. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) introduces several new offences, updates penalties for existing crimes, and formally recognises community service as a legitimate form of punishment. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita also addresses issues like organised crime, terrorism, and mob lynching, with some offences now carrying the death penalty. With an emphasis on justice, deterrence, and victim rights, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita aims to enhance legal clarity, ensure faster adjudication, and strengthen the rule of law in India.

Ratanlal & Dhirajlal: The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is a detailed, section-wise commentary on the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) which came into effect from 1 July 2024. This comprehensive commentary elucidates the new provisions introduced by the BNS and underscores the changes implemented in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. Comments after each section provide the corresponding section from the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and highlight the changes brought in along with relevant principles of law and judgments.