This book critically examines the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 primarily from the perspective of child rights. It also analyses the changes made to the Act by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2021. It includes the historical developments of Juvenile Justice in India, starting from 1850 to the amendments introduced in 2021 and their enforcement from September 2022. All provisions of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 have been critically analysed keeping in view the objectives of the Act to cater to the basic needs of children through proper care, protection, development, treatment, social integration by adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children, and for their rehabilitation through processes provided and institutions and bodies established under the Act. Key Features: Focuses on identifying the direction of changes in the law – whether by legal provision or by judicial pronouncement, from the perspective of best interest of children Highlights the new issues triggered by the Amendment Act, 2021 Provides detailed explanation of the issue relating to lacunae in definition of serious and heinous offences that have been decided by the courts on the same lines as suggested in first edition Includes a separate chapter on adoption, which examines and analyses the reasons for changes introduced in procedure and processes surrounding adoption Examines the discussions relating to adoption by an individual or a couple in same sex relationship or with different gender identity and the judgment of the Supreme Court on the subject